Sheep Care Guide: Housing, Nutrition, Health & Handling

Sheep require significant space to roam and engage in natural behaviors. A minimum of one acre per 5-7 head is recommended for pasture-based systems, but more land is always better. For smaller flocks or those without access to open grazing, a well-fenced enclosure with adequate shelter must be provided. Sheep are intelligent grazers and need space to move freely, eat selectively, and avoid overgrazing.

Temperature and humidity gradients are critical for sheep's comfort. Native to temperate climates, domestic sheep prefer daytime temperatures between 40°F - 70°F (4°C - 21°C) and nighttime lows around 30°F - 50°F (-1°C - 10°C). Humidity should remain relatively low at 50-60%. Avoid areas with high winds or direct sun exposure that could cause heat stress.

Feeding sheep requires a comprehensive approach. They are ruminant herbivores, meaning they need a diet rich in fiber and nutrients from plant sources. For commercial feed, use a high-quality sheep pellet (15% - 18% protein) as the primary staple. Supplement with hay (alfalfa or timothy) to provide additional fiber and calcium. Fresh water must always be available. Follow the manufacturer's feeding chart for your specific flock size.

Sheep have unique nutritional needs that vary by breed, age, and production status. For example, pregnant ewes require more energy than dry breeding stock. Always consult with a veterinarian or experienced shepherd to determine individual nutritional requirements based on your specific situation.

Handling sheep requires patience, gentle movements, and respect for their natural flight response. Approach calmly from the side rather than directly behind, as this can trigger defensive behavior. Use soft, padded equipment like gloves and headstalls. Avoid sudden noises or rapid movements that could startle them.

Health issues common to domestic sheep include internal parasites (worms), respiratory infections, and skin conditions like lice and mites. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for detecting problems early. Maintain clean living conditions, provide adequate ventilation, and ensure access to quality feed and water.

For breeds with thick wool coats, regular shearing is crucial. Timing depends on climate and breed type: typically in late spring or early fall when temperatures begin to rise. Shear carefully, avoiding skin irritation by using proper equipment and techniques. Consider professional assistance for first-time shearers.